From Englightenment to Romantisicm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

From Englightenment to Romantisicm - Essay Example Mozart’s oeuvre often focuses on these subjects – he revolutionised traditional operas by making a member of the serving class the hero of one of his masterpieces in â€Å"Le Nozze di Figaro†, where the popular figure of Figaro (a barber) triumphs over his social superiors because of his higher moral values, and because of his wit. The play by Beaumarchais on which the opera libretto was based was banned in Vienna in the times just before the French Revolution, as the content was deemed too inflammatory. The opera â€Å"Don Giovanni† remains to this day one of the most often performed operas worldwide. This paper will explain the particular fascination this opera still holds today by demonstrating the complexity of two of the main characters of the libretto, Leporello, Don Giovanni’s valet, and Don Ottavio, the fiancà © of Donna Anna, one of the women Don Giovanni tried to seduce. As in the comic opera â€Å"Le Nozze di Figaro† Mozart and Da Ponte sketch a two-tier society and the characters in Don Giovanni are either members of the aristocracy or the serving class comprised of servants and peasants. Again, moral values are not identical with class and rank, but low morals can be found in the aristocracy (Don Giovanni) and high morals can be found in the peasant class (Zerlina, Masetto). Leporello appears to be a case of his own - in the first Act we find Leporello in the garden owned by the Commendatore whilst his master, Don Giovanni, is attempting to seduce Donna Anna, the Commendatore’s daughter and fiancà ©e of Don Ottavio. Leporello, although a loyal servant, is dissatisfied with his employment and with his master. He complains that he is kept busy day and night, as expressed in his aria â€Å"Notte e giorno faticar† which could be translated as â€Å"day and night nothing but work†. The close proximity to his master and the knowledge he has therefore gathered about his master’s life

Report about Virgin Mary and Saint Maria Goretti Essay

Report about Virgin Mary and Saint Maria Goretti - Essay Example She was an Israelite woman and was chosen by God to carry and give birth to his firstborn Son. Similarly Saint Maria Goretti was also handpicked by God for her humble yet unrelenting love and acceptance of God into her heart. She was a simple little poor country girl, not yet 12 years of age, and yet God chose her, clothed her with honor by the power of his Spirit. The bond she had with God was so strong that she chose to give her life up for it and be forever the living proof of the Pope John Paul II quote â€Å"God chose what is foolish in the world to shame the wise.’ (R.schmid, 2011). Maria Goretti from a very early age was able to ‘accept what pertains to the Spirit of God.’ It was this Spirits voice that she has incorporated in every aspect of her life. She did not flee from this voice even as she was attacked by her assailant but it was the voice of her conscience that let her not give in. She chose death over the alternative of being defiled knowing that her body was the house of God. The gift of her fortitude was so great that the Holy Spirit helped her make her moral decision and chose such a difficult feat with her young spirit. She chose death when she saw no other way to defend her virginal purity. Her final act is a perfect depiction of how she lived her entire young life (Likoudis, 2004).

Reform Essay Example for Free

Reform Essay Think about the causes of success and failure for particular movements. What causes some to become widely appealing and have major impacts on change? What causes others (regardless of the validity of their concerns) to simply wither away in the dustbin of history? Can you think of some that have evolved into stable organizations without much impact on social change? Can you identify others that have become stable enterprises of sorts, constantly selling T-shirts and other emblems without doing much? I think what causes some reforms to be more appealing than others is simply the interest of the citizens. What they want and were they see the country moving toward at the time. The only thing that I can think of that has currently come into play as a business or dispensary is the whole issues with marijuana, and whether or not to make it legal. Here in San Diego there has been an influx of medical marijuana dispensaries. I don’t know that it’s something that is stable but, it definitely has been impacting social change. Medical marijuana also attracts businessmen. California dispensaries possess great potential on the market. However, you need to have a license before you establish a dispensary and it entails several steps. Also that, medical marijuana state laws (which differs from each state) strictly implements some general rules on starting dispensary business. California allows anyone with a doctor’s recommendation to use medical marijuana, whatever their health condition. Critics claim dispensaries are often no more than drug trafficking fronts. Assignments To complete this assignment, go to this weeks Assignment link in the left navigation: Getting Involved What kinds of people tend to become involved in movements, as contributors, elders, or sympathizers? Why do you think they became involved? Has a movement organization ever asked you to donate money or time to work for a cause? Did you? Why or why not? For those you found appealing, were there barriers to your participation? What are some contemporary movements you find repulsive? Why? Two- to three-pages.

Simulation Module for Patients with Hypoglycemia

Simulation Module for Patients with Hypoglycemia Development and Evaluation of Simulation Module for Patients with Hypoglycemia INTRODUCTION Background Human patient simulator (HPS) has been used in medical education (Alinier, Hunt, Gordon, Harwood, 2006) for almost four decades. Since simulation using high-fidelity has begun by applying crisis intervention training on nurse anesthetist   (Fletcher, 1995), over the past 10 years, simulation has been rapidly expanded in nursing education (Dunn, 2004). Simulation education is not just about obtaining simple knowledge and techniques but rather have been considered as a kind of new education method that can train nursing care ability by reproducing real-like clinical situation in a safe environment (Hodge, Martin, Tavernier, Perea-Ryan, Alcala-Van Houten, 2008; Steadman et al, 2006). Moreover, simulation education have been accelerated by shortening of the patient’s admission period and limited chances of nursing student’s participation due to elevated expectations on the medical staff by the patients. Through simulation education, student carry out physical examination directly on simulator and immediately identify physiological changes on the monitor. After implementing the proper intervention, they can get feedbacks from results (Bremner,Aduddell,Bennett, VanGeest, 2006). Therefore education using simulation is becoming the most important subject in current nursing education as a method that can improve problem solving ability and critical thinking of students in clinical situation (Corbridge, McLaughlin, Tiffen, Wade, Templin, Corbridge, 2008; Feingold, Calaluce, Kallen, 2004). Since a simulation practice method has been introduced to the nursing practice educating in South Korea ten years ago, many study results on the effect of simulation education have been reported in the area of pediatric nursing (Yoo, 2013; Shin, Shim, Lee, 2013), maternity nursing practicum (Kim, Ko, Lee, 2012; Kim, Lee, Chae, 2012; Lee Kim, 2011), psychiatric nursing (Choi, 2012), and critical and emergency care unit (Kim, Choi, Kang, 2011; Kim Jang, 2011). Current scenario that can be used in simulation education is not still developed variously in sub-major nursing areas in Korea. Therefore case is not appropriate to situation so there is a difficulty of having simulation practice. Especially, diabetes mellitus is prevalent disease in middle ages. However, it can be controlled by both concrete assessment for differentiation and anticipatory management. And because patients with diabetes mellitus should always manage blood glucose in their life, nursing education to prevent h ypoglycemia is essential education contents. In nursing student education, simulation practice for critical thinking training to identify symptoms and plan nursing care as priority due to hypoglycemia is effective and important nursing problem. In this study, we tried to test the applicability of the simulation by developing simulating education scenario based on the case of hypoglycemia and evaluating student’s performance after using it. The study was done to improve nursing students’ critical thinking on nursing problems and clinical decision-making ability by developing scenario with high-fidelity SimMan simulator based on clinical real situation. The purpose of this study is to develop a scenario and evaluate students’ performance and satisfaction in simulation learning of care for patients with hypoglycemia. METHOD Design This study used a mixed method design which captured both quantitative and qualitative data to evaluate degree of performance and satisfaction as development and applying simulation module with hypoglycemia. In disciplines such as nursing, the phenomena studied are often complex and mixed-method approaches can expand the impact and enhance the flexibility of research designs (Sandelowski, 2000) Participants A convenience sample of 55 nursing students participated from a university located in Seoul, South Korea. We have decided that third year nursing students who have enough basic knowledge on pathophysiology will not have difficulty in applying simulation education on patient with hypoglycemia and developed simulation scenario targeting them. The inclusion criteria to attain hypoglycemia included (a) junior nursing students, (b) completion of fundamental and endocrine system nursing course with the same credits and textbook, and (c) no prior participation in a simulation class focused on diabetes mellitus. The participants ‘ ages ranged from 21 to 25 years. The majority of students 89% were women. Ethical considerations’ Approval to conduct this study was obtained from the Sahmyook university institutional review board (SYUIRB-2013-074). Written informed consent consist of issues of voluntary participation, anonymity, and confidentiality. It explained the purpose of study, the researchers’ credentials, and information regarding confidentiality. Collected data will be managed in the researcher’ office and will be shredded after coding. The IRB proved that there were no factors to this study that would deprive human ethical right, and that all contents and processes confirm to proper research ethics. Process of module development Scenario development Contents of scenario were developed based on real patient’s situation which admitted to emergency unit with shock symptom due to hypoglycemia. In addition, we searched more information on nursing care for hypoglycemia from nursing textbook and protocol. Scenario was focused on developing of student’s ability about assessment and problem identification by critical thinking. For this, the purpose of scenario formulation was to differentiate the origin of shock symptom between hypoglycemia and increasing of intracranial pressure. For testing of validity, five experts consisted of three nursing professors, two nurses who have worked in emergency unit over 10 years reviewed contents of scenario. The scenario was pilot tested using five students (not included in the present study) to determine feasibility and clarity of instructions. No problems were identified. Development of evaluation checklist The evaluation checklist focused on the attainment of critical thinking ability rather than implementation skill and was divided into three categories: assessment, problem identification, and interventions. Finally, 4 items were deleted and 16 items reached by consensus (Table 1). The items were selected, reviewed, and analyzed by a seven expert panel including two nursing professors, five advanced practice nurses. Process of debriefing Debriefing questions were also developed focused on critical thinking as three phase process. Description phase : ‘What decision did you make when patient complains dyspnea? Why did you do?’; Analysis phase : ‘Did you have an enough understanding about nursing care for patient with hypoglycemia after this simulation practice?’; and Application phase: ‘How can you cope real nursing situation in future through what you learned?. These three phases for debriefing are based on clinical judgment model by Tanner (2006). After taking simulation practice, students had debriefing time for about 20~30 minutes per group of four students. The nursing students were encouraged to reflect on their critical thinking. Data collection procedure Data were collected from May6, 2013 to June 28, 2013. The study’s purpose and its procedures were explained to the participants prior to obtaining informed consent. All participants enrolled in this study voluntarily and anonymously, were made aware that there was no disadvantage to nonparticipation as well as information regarding confidentiality. In addition, the data would be reported as a whole and not individually. The ratio of participation was 98%. Before the simulation, students received an orientation that included how to operate the simulator, simulation learning objective, the scenario information, and patient’s health status. Four nursing students have teamed up to have a discussion of the simulation scenario. Students were asked to wear uniforms and to treat these as actual professional situations. The simulations were scheduled in simulation rooms in which the high-fidelity patient simulators were used. One operator and one instructor observed the simulations from the control room. Each simulation lasted 20 minutes, with the simulation module including debriefing taking about two hours per group. The evaluation checklist was evaluated as a group and was handed to two instructors in a sealed envelope. After simulation module, student satisfaction was measured using the Satisfaction of Simulations Experience (SSE). Instruments The evaluation checklist tool using 3-point Likert scale (1: not fulfill, 2: partially fulfill, 3: fulfill) was a researcher-developed tool designed to assess simulation-based performance. The higher the evaluation checklist score, the better the performance. Content validity was conducted from nurse educators, simulation experts, and clinicians (n=10). The results of the content validity index were above 80% (Waltz and Bausell, 1981). Inter-rater reliability between two independent raters was established using Cohen’s kappa. Satisfaction which students felt about simulation practice was measured just after finishing the debriefing session using the Satisfaction of Simulations Experience (SSE) scale developed by Levett-Jones and colleagues (2011). This scale consists of 18 items in the area of debrief and reflection (9 items), clinical reasoning (5 items), and clinical learning (4 items). Each item was scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Higher scores indicated higher satisfaction. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in this study was .94. Data analysis The evaluation checklist and the SSE were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 for Windows to calculate descriptive statistics including means and standard deviations. Debriefing data were analyzed using the Matrix Method (Garrad, 2007). Four researchers was analyzed all papers related to debriefing. It were photocopied and organized as a review matrix that, once labeled appropriately, would serve as a structured abstract of all of the documents. The 3C’s (i.e., codes, categories, and concepts) of analysis was used to capture key characteristics of interest, thereby summarizing a large amount of textual information into meaningful themes (Lichtman, 2006). RESULT Scenario of simulation-based hypoglycemia The patient’s case was developed based on scenario objectives and performance measures. The simulated patient was a 55-year-old man admitted via the emergency unit complaining of dizziness and sweating. The algorithm proceeded as follows: assessment, problem identification, intervention (Fig. 1). Evaluation Checklist The evaluation checklist consisted of three categories and 16 items. To identify a statistical measure of inter-rater agreement for items, Cohen’s kappa was measured. Cohen’s kappa for the evaluation checklist was 0.61, good strength of agreement, and each category ranged from 0.33 to 0.97. The mean score of each category and item is shown in Table 1. The mean score is average of numbers of two measurers. The total mean score was 2.68 ( ±.129). The mean score of assessment was 2.56 ( ±.199), problem identification was 2.91 ( ±.193), and intervention was 2.71 ( ±.192). Debriefing Student comments about the simulation experience were grouped 2 categories, 9 subcategories, and 303 significant statements using content analysis (Table 2). The categories were as followed: Self-reflection and Improvement of competency. The most frequent subcategories, in order, were nursing intervention, coping ability deficiency, perception of real situation, clinical thinking deficiency, knowledge deficiency and communication. Satisfaction with simulation experience The SSE scale was used to assess participation in the simulation experience. The total mean score of SSE was 4.15 ( ±.68). The mean score for debrief and reflection was 4.21 ( ±.58), clinical reasoning was 4.09 ( ±.50), and clinical learning was 4.08 ( ±.46). The highest score item in SSE was â€Å"I received feedback during the debriefing that helped me to learn†, and the lowest was â€Å"The facilitator made me feel comfortable and at ease during the debriefing† (Table 3).

Truman’s Policy of Containment: As related to the Individual and Socie

Truman’s Policy of Containment: As related to the Individual and Society Containment in foreign policy is known as the strategy suggested by George Kennan to prevent Soviet expansionism by exerting counter pressure along Soviet borders. The Truman Doctrine was the name given to a speech President Truman delivered to a joint session of Congress on March 12, 1947, in which he proclaimed a new policy and role for the United States in global affairs. Specifically, the president sought $400 million in economic and military assistance for Greece and Turkey, two strategic Mediterranean countries threatened by subversive forces supported by the Soviet Union, after the British said a month earlier that they could no longer provide the needed support. To justify aid for Greece and Turkey to a skeptical Congress, Truman placed the situation in the context of broader changes that he saw taking place in global politics. Truman felt that the peoples of a number of countries had totalitarian regimes forced upon them against their will. At the time the United States had made frequent protests against coercion and intimidation, in violation of the Yalta agreement, in Poland, Rumania, and Bulgaria, but those protests proved insufficient. Truman declared that the United States must now be willing â€Å"to help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes.† The sweeping language of the speech and the worldwide commitment to assist any state threatened by totalitarianism gained it the status of a â€Å"doctrine† and a lasting policy for the United States. The speech became a declaration of Cold War. The i ssue was begin... ...hat they wanted to unlike the way it under a communist regime. As related to the humanities based theme of the individual and society Truman and his policy of containment helped improve the way we look at life and the status of the world at the time and now. Bibliography: - A Report to the National Security Council, April 14, 1950, p. 5. - Congressional Record, vol. 93, pt. 2, March 12, 1947, pp. 1980-81. - The Parenthetical Passages from Mr. X [George Kennan], â€Å"The Sources of Soviet Conduct,† Foreign Affairs (July 1947), pp. 566-82. - Kagan, Donald. The Western Heritage, 6th edition. pp. 1075-77. - Mansbach, Richard. The Global Puzzle. pp. 112-13. - 5 Apr. 1999. http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photos/av-photo.htm (20 Apr. 1999). - 31 Mar. 1999. http://www.earthstation1.com/Miscellaneous_wwII_pictures.html (20 Apr. 1999).

Extreme and Moderate Characters in Moliére’s Tartuffe Essay -- essays

Extreme and Moderate Characters in Tartuffe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Molià ©re’s Tartuffe (Moirà © 1664), the reader is able to see a great contrast of Extreme and Moderate characters. Extreme characters being those who are seen as over the top, or very passionate people, and the moderate characters having a more calm and subtle approach to ideas. The extreme characters in this case would be Madam Pernelle, Orgon, Tartuffe, and Dorine. The moderate characters are seen as Cleante and Elmire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the characters that obviously fall into the extreme character category would be that of Madam Pernelle. Madam Pernelle is an excellent example of an extreme character because of her sharp remarks, and the idea of telling people exactly what she thinks. From the very beginning of the play, the reader is able to identify how out spoken this character is when she begins to defend Tartuffe in the opening pages.. This is demonstrated when Madam Pernelle comments on a remark made by Dorine saying, â€Å"Girl, you talk to much, and I’m afraid / You’re far too saucy for a lady’s maid. / You push in everywhere and have your say† (I, I, 21)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example of an extreme character in Tartuffe would be the character of Dorine. Much like Madam Pernelle, Dorine is an outspoken individual who does not like to be argued or reasoned with. She is very adamant about her idea of Tartuffe, and will not be easily persuaded into thinking otherw...

Advantages of working mother/housewife Essay

†¢ More disposable income †¢ Freedom to make independent financial choices with own money †¢ Meet more people †¢ Equal relationship †¢ Have a life outside of home Disadvantages of working mother †¢ Discrimination in the workplace when colleagues find you have a child †¢ Risk being critisized for not being home to care for child †¢ Less time for yourself †¢ Problems with finding good child care †¢ Juggling work with sick kids †¢ Spending almost half income on child care †¢ Being passed over for promotions because you have child Advantages of being a stay at home mother/housewife †¢ More time for domestic duties †¢ Easier to plan 100% time around family †¢ Able to be there for family †¢ Spend quality time with child †¢ Other parent confident when they go to work child is safe and well cared for Disadvantages of being stay at home mother/housewife *Less disposable income *Less freedom *Having to ask the bread winner for money to buy things *Being more financially accountable – it is his money *Less money for spontaneous purchases * More budgeting * Less opportunities for making friends *Being stigmatised as a brainless stay at home mother * Risk being undervalued by partner and friends etc The advantages of working women generally revolve around personal opportunities, both to develop in one’s career and provide additional financial resources, while the cons generally have to do with missed memories and fatigue. No matter whether one chooses to stay at home with one’s children or work outside the home, there are definite trade-offs to consider. Mothers who leave home each day and head to work have the possibility of conversations with adults throughout the day beside their husbands. This gives them a higher degree of intellectual stimulation. They also tend to dress a little better, putting on a professional outfit instead of donning workout clothes or jeans to face the day with their kids. Knowing that they have a busy work schedule also means that they treasure the time with their kids more, and they also have more money to help them enjoy that time. On the other hand, being a working mother means constant fatigue. People who face a long commute with small children waiting on both sides of it feel like they never get enough sleep. Working also means missing out on some memories, such as playdates, first words or steps and even school assemblies. Also, dealing with colleagues who do not understand how hard all the juggling is also a frustration. Advantages Gone are the days when mother devoted her full life for development of her children. Today, women are becoming more active, independent and prefer progress in their career rather than been recognized as just housemakers. Career oriented women continue their work soon after completion of their maternity leave. Many working women start the job early due to financial needs of their family. There can be different reasons for women to go to work instead of staying at home. Sometimes it is very difficult for women to go for work after delivery. In the initial period she may feel insecure for her child.she needs to join work soon after few months of child birth. If she has someone in her family like in-laws or grand parents to look after her child, then she may feel secured for her child. Some working women need to sacrifice career if they don’t have any option for taking care of their child. Many women prefer to leave their career whiles some women prefer to work from home. Some women choose to continue their job, in such case theymake some arrangement to look after their children. Women with financial problem also continue their job due to needs of family. There are many advantages and disadvantages of working mother for their children. Advantage for Children of Working Mother Children of working mother start doing their own work themselves from childhood as compared to children of non-working mother. Children of non-working mother depend on their mother evens for small needs. For example, if a child of non-working woman needs any toy to play, he asks his mother to give him that toy. They become fully dependant on their mother as she is easily available to them for the whole day. Children of working mother have no option and thus, they learn to do many things themselves. They become more independent and responsible in their work. Many husbands help their working spouse in household work. So when the children observe their father doing work at home and helping their mother, thus they also learn to help their parents. In this way, they can learn self awareness and discipline from early age. In addition, the children become co-operative from childhood. It is not possible for non working woman because she is expected to keep everything ready for her husband and children. Therefore, children of non-working mother become more lazier and dependant on parents as compared to children of working mother. Highly educated, working parents can give better education to their children. They know to provide all necessary facilities for the ideal development of their children omitting the unnecessary ones. They also motivate their children to participate in different activities as they can afford such expenses due to higher family income. On the other side it might not possible to afford such expense for many parents, if only father is working in family. Working mother might find more affection towards her children when she comes back from her work as she missed her children for whole the day. She might feel find more attached to  her kids and vice versa. Thus, mother and children become more attached to one other. Non-working mother stays with her children for whole the day, therefore she doesn’t find such feeling of missing her kids and children also takes her for granted. Children of working mothers become practical and more intellectual. They can take wise decision themselves and become independent, confident and more active in their work. Disadvantage for Children of Working Mother Some working mothers have to take their child to childcare center as there is no one in her family tocare for child. In such case she needs to compromise in development of her kids and feels guilty for not sparing good time to raise her kids. If a child doesn’t have any siblings, sometimes he feels lonely as he has no one to express his feelings or thoughts or finds nobody to play with them. Some Working parents cannot spare good time with their children and don’t have time to listen to problems of their children. Therefore, children get frustrated or depressed as they don’t have anyone to share their feelings. Working mother needs to handle home and office work together. Therefore, she may get tired at the end of the day. In such case she may not be able to understand her children’s problem and may get angry with their children if they don’t listen or obey her instructions. Working mother may not be able to attend children’s school program due to hectic schedule at work or leave problems. Sometimes they cannot attend parent meeting or some cultural festival evens when their kids are participating. At that time children may feel badly as they find their friend’s parent during such functions. It creates insecurity and guilty feeling in their child mind. Nowadays, due to economical problems and infllation, it is essential for everyone to make more efforts for good earning. In such case it is necessary for a woman to understand her responsibilities and start working to help her husband to reduce their financial crisis. Working mother should understand her children’s problem and try to solve it. You should also take help from your partner in your daily household work. Today, it is not disgraceful for man to help his wife in household work. Take active participation in your children’s development evens if you are working parents. You should listen to your kids carefully and try to understand their needs. Tackle your kids with love and patience. Do not get angry with your kids due to your work pressure. Keep your home and work stress separates to live happy life. Good time management helps you to spare quality time with your kids. Keep updated with your kid’s school reports and meet their school teacher regularly to know the progress of your child. It is for sure that working mother can become the best mother if she follows precise time management and behave intellectually rather than emotionally. She should feel proud that as a working mother she has the power to provide the best education and facilities to her children but at the same time she should not forget that healthy upbringing of her child is her responsibility.